/MS*' 

T1VERSITY  EXTENSION  COURSES  IN  BOSTON 
1912-1913 


DUSTRIAL  AND  SOCIAL  JUSTICE 


TRIAL  OUTLINE   AND   BIBLIOGRAPHY 


By 


HENRY   CLAYTON    METCALF 
»\ 

Professor  of   Economics  in  Tufts  College 


TUFTS  COLLEGE,  MASS. 

THE    TUFTS    COLLEGE    PRESS 

Copyright,   1912,    l>y  H.  C.  Metcalf 


INDUSTRIAL    AND    SOCIAL 
JUSTICE 


A— INTRODUCTORY 

The  overshadowing  importance  of  industrial  peace.  Cost  of  indus- 
trial warfare  to  employer,  workman,  the  public.  Disharmonies  due  to 
increasing  industrialism  and  the  growth  of  democratic  ideas.  "  In  the 
industrial  world,  there  is  no  question  of  equal  importance  to  that  of  the 
relationship  of  employers  and  employed,  and  not  one  in  such  an  unsat- 
isfactory position.''  (Sir  George  Livesey). 

B— CAUSES   OF   INDUSTRIAL   DISCORD 

I.     INFLUENCE  OF   PHYSICAL   ENVIRONMENT 

1.  The  Dependence  of  flankind  upon  Physical  Nature.  Lack  of 
harmony  between  man  and  his  natural  environment.  The  conquest  of 
nature  creates  differences  in  needs  and  ideals,  causing  conflict  between 
man  and  man.  Antagonism  of  interests  growing  out  of  economic  scar- 
city. "  The  omnipresence  of  the  universal  cosmic  conditions  around  and 
within  every  human  motion  is  the  first  prime  factor  to  be  estimated  at  its 
actual  relative  worth  in  every  analysis  of  an  individual  act  or  of  a  group 
status."  (A.  W.  Small). 

II.     ECONOMIC   ANTAGONISMS 

1.  Disharmonies  Due  to  the  Growth  of  Population  and  Migrations. 

The  multiplication  of  numbers,  the  indefinite  expansion  of  human  wants, 
and  economic  scarcity.  Factors  controlling  the  distribution  of  popu- 
lation. Natural  and  stimulated  migrations.  Ill-distributed  population 
and  exploitation.  Intensified  conflicts  resulting  from  labor  immobility 
and  industrial  concentration. 

2.  Antagonisms  Caused  by   the  Growth  of  Capital,    (a)   Investors 
versus  entrepreneurs,     (b)     Employers  versus  employees.     Capital  mass 
weakens  the  personal  relationship.     Capitalism  means   indirect  opera- 
tions; prolonged  preparation;   enlarged,  complex,  automatic  machinery 
and  processes;  probable  over-investment  of  new  capital;   wage  reduc- 
tions  and    involuntary   unemployment.     Does   the   growth  of    capital, 
causing  collective  disagreements,  demand  collective  bargaining? 

3 

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3.  Antagonisms  Due  to  Changes  in  flethods  of  Production.    Oppo- 
sition between  capitalists  ;  between  entrepreneurs  and  organized   labor  ; 
between  capitalists  and  laborers  versus  the  public.     Labor  discords  due 
to  substitutions, — new  materials,   new  processes,   new  machines,   new 
sources  of  power.     Union  versus  unorganized  labor,  union  versus  union, 
unskilled  versus  skilled  ;  displacement  of  men   by  women,  women  by 
men,  adult  by  juvenile  labor.     Serious  antagonisms  arise  from  the  im- 
mediate effects  of  changes  upon  individual  laborers,  due  to  redistribu- 
tion and  destruction  of  individual  quality  (anxious  insecurity,  growing 
sense   of   dependence),  and   from  the  lack  of  any  adequate  system    of 
measuring  industrial  energy. 

4.  Conflicts  due  to  Changes  in  the  Forms  of  Industrial  Organiza- 
tion and   Business    flanagement.     (a)      Friction  between  trades  and 
groups  of  trades.     Bonds  of  harmony  and  antagonisms  between  extrac- 
tive, manufacturing,  and  distributive   processes.     Bitter  opposition  be- 
tween associations  of  employers  and  wage  earners  ;  between  trade  unions 
and  industrial  unionism  (I.  W.  W.).     Is  the  industrial  type  of  unionism 
likely  to  adopt  the  closed  shop  policy?     (b)    Pecuniary  versus  indus- 
trial occupations.    Differences  in  habit  of  thought  arise  between  those 
engaged  in   (i)  business  or  pecuniary,  (ii)  industrial  or  mechanical  em- 
ployments.    Diverse  disciplinary  influence  of  materio-economic  environ- 
ment leads  to  differences  in  fundamental  postulates.     "Human  person- 
ality— will,   caprice,   cunning, — legality,    moral   strength  or  weakness, 
pecuniary  energy,  form  the  basis  of  the  fundamental  economic  notions 
of  the  capitalist-employer."     (Hoxie}.     Physical  contact  (material  and 
personal)  causes  group  consciousness  among  the  wage  earners.     "  The 
most  momentous   and  striking  fact  of  the  industrial  revolution  is  the 
growing  sense  of  solidarity  of  the  labor  world."     (J.  H.  Gray}.     Are 
the  stratifications  within  big  businesses  increasing,  and  do  they  make  it 
impossible  for  the  employing  and  wage-earning  classes  to  agree  in  regard 
to  industrial  justice  ?     (c)     Large  scale  management  has  intensified  the 
need  of  human   conservation.      Preventable   sources  of   discord, — hap- 
hazard  vocation    choosing,    premature    employment,    women    working 
under  destructive    conditions,    hazardous    and  unhealthy  occupations, 
long  hours,  industrial  overstrain,  mis-,under-,  and  un-employment,  speed, 
monotony    and    over-specialization,    unscientific    methods  of    employ- 
ment,   promotion,   and  discharge, — all    fruitful    sources  of    industrial 
warfare.     "  The  large  scale  industries  of  our  day  call  for  semi-military 
organization, — for  punctuality,  prompt  obedience,  submission  to  orders. 
Discipline  in  the  employer's  hands  rests  on  the  power  of  discharge." 
(F.  W.  Taussig}.     "  Factory  discipline  is  valuable  only  up  to  a  certain 
point,  after  which  something  else  must  be  depended  on  if  the  best  re- 
sults are  to  be  achieved."     (Jane  Addams).     (d)     Antagonisms  due  to 
predatory   management.     Stock   gambling,  unscrupulous  management, 


certain  forms  of  business  secrecy.  Powerlessness  of  stockholders  to 
exercise  effective  control,  (e)  Artificial  monopolization.  Causes  an- 
tagonisms between  competing  employers,  between  different  groups  of 
laborers,  employers  and  laborers,  and  bitter  antagonisms  between  em- 
ployers and  the  community  at  large.  Does  diversity  of  interests  neces- 
sarily mean  personal  hostility  ?  Does  large-scale  management  create, 
apportion,  and  maintain  equality  of  economic  opportunity  ?  Does  large- 
scale  management  reach  a  maximum  of  efficiency  before  it  reaches  a 
maximum  of  possible  size  ? 

5.  Conflicts  arise  from  the  Indefinite  Extensibility  of  Consumers' 
wants.     The  stimulation  of  new  wants, — physical,  intellectual,  aesthetic 
— and  the  means  of  satisfying  them.     Capital  and  labor  readjustments, 
due  to  changes  in  consumption,  cause  constant  friction.     Artificial  stim- 
ulation  of  wants  leads  to   alternating  periods  of  business  activity  and 
depression — misdirected    effort,   over-exertion,   unemployment,   human 
waste,  industrial  warfare. 

6.  Industrial  Autocracy.     "  Economic  absolutism,  however  benefi- 
cent it  may  be,  or  however  much  it  may  increase  wages,  is  inconsistent 
with  the  democratic  movement  of  the  last  hundred  and  fifty  years.  .  .  . 
The  workman  believes  that  absolutism  is  as  dead  in  industry  as  in  gov- 
ernment. .  .  .  the  great  impending  changes  are  in  the  direction  of  greater 
democracy  in  industry."     (/.  H.  Gray}.     What  are  the  advantages  and 
difficulties  of  industrial  absolutism  ?     Does  industrial  peace  necessarily 
mean  greater  cooperation  with  trade  unions  ? 

III.     SOCIO-POLITICAL  ANTAGONISMS 

Introduction.  Mental  habits  linger  after  economic  conditions  causing 
them  have  disappeared.  Strife  is  caused  by  mistaking  the  means  (vari- 
ous social  institutions)  for  the  end  (social  utility). 

1 .  Social  Status.     Chief  causes  of  class  stratification  "and  social  dis- 
harmonies :     age,    sex,    race,    differentiation    in    occupation,    property 
ownership,  income,  love  of  power,  original  differences  of  habits,  limita- 
tions of  human  nature,  complexity  of  human  motives.     Property  owner- 
ship, capital  connection,  nepotism,  class  prejudices  form  struggle  factors 
of  the   first   rank.     Diversity   of  laws    and   methods  of   administration 
cause  social  and  political  discord.     "  The  complexity  of  the  social  con- 
flict is  perhaps  nowhere  more  observable   than  in  connection  with  the 
phenomena  of  capital."     (A.  B.  Small}. 

2.  Prejudices   of   Race  and   Nationality.     Economic,  political  and 
social  antagonisms  due  to   race   feeling  and   to  racial   displacements — 
negroes,   Chinese,   and    unskilled   immigrants.     Race    antagonisms    in 
American  mines,  railways,  and  factories.     Difficulties  in  establishing  rel- 


ative  standards  of  race  value.  "  The  fact  is  that  no  race  perse,  whether 
Slovak,  Ruthenian,  Turk  or  Chinese,  is  dangerous  and  none  undesirable  ; 
but  only  those  individuals  whose  somatic  traits  or  germinal  determiners 
are,  from  the  standpoint  of  our  social  life,  bad."  (C.  B.  Davenport}. 
"  We  cannot  afford  to  pay  heed  to  whether  he  [the  immigrant]  is  of  one 
creed  or  another,  of  one  nation  or  another  .  .  .  what  we  should  desire 
to  find  out  is  the  individual  quality  of  the  individual  man."  (Roosevelt). 
Should  the  results  of  recent  immigration  be  chiefly  considered  in  their 
economic  or  in  their  socio-political  aspects  ? 

3.  Language  Barriers.     The  difficulties  of  assimilation.     Are  differ- 
ent   languages  likely  to   become  the    rallying  centres  of    conflicting 
interests? 

4.  Religious  Animosities.    Evidences  of,  in  occupation,  in  education, 
in  politics. 

C— GUIDING    PRINCIPLES    FOR  THE    PROMOTION 
OF   INDUSTRIAL   AND   SOCIAL  JUSTICE 

1.  There  is  no  Single  Panacea  for  Industrial  and  Social  Antago- 
nisms.    "It    can  never   be    shown   generally.  .  .  that  the  interests  of 
master  and  laborer  are  alike,  or  that  they  are  opposed  ;  for,  according  to 
circumstances,  they  may  be  either."     (Ruskin). 

2.  Protection  of  Material  Interests :    Governmental   Supervision 
and  Control  of    Sub-Normal   Work   Conditions.     "Industrial    Hini= 
mums."     Wages,  employment  of  women  and  children,  trade  injuries, 
occupational  disease,  industrial  overstrain,  misemployment,  involuntary 
unemployment,  compulsory  compensation  by  compulsory  insurance  and 
pensions,  publicity. 

3.  Restraining  Power  of  Elements  Representing    Conflicting   In- 
terests.     Employers,  workmen,  the  public.     Progressive  development 
of  power  of  self -restraint  in  each  group. 

4.  Vocational    Guidance.       (a)      The  determination  of  individual 
aptitudes,      (b)      Freedom  of  choice  of  occupation,     (c)     Equal  oppor- 
tunity for  the  application  of  individual  aptittides  in  (i)  education,  (ii) 
occupation.     "  The  removal  of  all  artificial  barriers  to  choice  of  occupa- 
tion is  the  most  important  goal  for  society."     (F.  W.  Taussig).     "The 
first  condition  of  an  efficient  organization  of   industry  is  that  it   should 
keep  everyone  employed  at  such  work  as  his  abilities  and  training  fit 
him  to  do  well."     (Marshall). 


5.  Just  Distribution  of  the  Surplus  Product.     "The  abuse  or  un- 
economical use  of  the  surplus  product  is  the  source   of    every  sort  of 
trouble  or  malady  of  the  industrial  system,  and  the  whole  problem  of 
industrial  reform  may  be  conceived  in  terms  of  a  truly  economical  dis- 
posal of  this  surplus."     (J.  A.  Hobson}. 

6.  The  Development  of  Economic  Chivalry.     Development  of  the 
three-fold    trusteeship  of  corporate  capital — labor,  capital,  the  public. 
"  The   subordination  of  distinctly  economic  activities  and  wealth   to  a 
wider  conception  of  social  activity  and  wealth."     (/.  A.  Hobson}.     The 
guardianship  of  a  wise  public  opinion  is  essential  to  industrial  and  social 
justice. 

7.  Constitutionalism  in  Industry.     Copartnership  in  self-interests, 
in  aptitudes,  in  profits,  in  control.     "  True  democracy  is  that  which  per- 
mits each  individual  to  put  forth  his  maximum  of  effort."    (C.  W.  Eliot). 
"  You  [the  laborer]  were  a  slave,  then  a   serf,  next  a  wage  hireling,  and 
you   must   ultimately  become   a   partner."     (Mazzini}.     "The  system 
which  comes  nearest  to  calling  out  all  the  self-interests  and  using  all 
the  faculties  and  sharing  all   the  benefits  will  out-compete  any  system 
that  strikes  a  lower  level  of  motive  faculty  and  profit."     (H.  D.  Lloyd}. 
"  There  is  not  a  more  accurate  test  of  the  progress  of  civilization  than 
the  progress  of  the  power  of  cooperation."     (/.  S.  Mill}. 

D— MEASURES  DESIGNED  TO  SECURE  SOCIAL  AND 
INDUSTRIAL  PEACE 

Introduction.  The  need  of  reliable  information.  Difficulties  of  in- 
vestigation :  misunderstandings  ;  personal  prejudices — economic,  politi- 
cal, religious ;  inertia — ignorance,  indifference,  custom;  complexity  of 
the  economic  relations  and  human  motives — desire  for  gain,  activity, 
love  of  power,  sympathy,  pity,  affection,  altruism  ;  highly  dynamic 
character  of  American  society. 

I.    PALLIATIVES 

1.  Under  Private  Auspices.  (a)  Various  efficiency  schemes: 
profit  sharing,  gain  sharing,  premium  plans,  sliding  scales,  welfare  in- 
ventions, scientific  management.  Accomplishments.  Reasons  for  fail- 
ures,— mutual  distrust,  vagueness  and  remoteness  of  promised  reward, 
autocratic  management,  (b)  Conciliation,  mediation,  and  arbitration 
boards.  Temporary  and  permanent  tribunals.  Types  of  adjudication, — 
England,  France,  the  United  States.  Advantages  and  weaknesses. 
Trades  and  Workers  Association. 


2.  Under  Public  Auspices.  Conciliation,  mediation,  and  arbitration 
tribunals.  Voluntary  and  compulsory.  Types, — New  Zealand,  Aus- 
tralia, Europe,  the  United  States.  Difficulties  of  arbitration  :  the  ascer- 
taining of  adequate  and  accurate  data,  selection  of  satisfactory  arbitrators, 
withholding  from  arbitral  adjudication  disputes  involving  a  principle 
(closed  shop,  recognition  of  the  union),  no  definite  principle  of  justice 
in  the  adjustment  of  wages  by  arbitration.  The  Erdmann  Act :  causes 
of  success, — weariness  of  industrial  strife,  recognition  of  the  right  of 
collective  bargaining,  voluntary  settlement,  freedom  from  court-like 
judgments,  causes  friendly  feelings,  personality  of  the  arbitrators.  Re- 
cent activity  of  Congress  in  behalf  of  industrial  peace.  How  enforce 
arbitration  decisions  when  they  go  against  the  laborers? 


II.     CORRECTIVE  MEASURES 

1.  The  Extension  of  Trade  Unionism.     "  The  trade  agreement  holds 
out  the  greatest  hope  for  industrial  peace  in  the  future.''    (  C.  D.  Wright} . 

2.  Scientific  Control  of  Immigration.     Proposed  measures  of  con- 
trol:  literacy  tests,  inspection  abroad,  physical  standardization,    mini- 
mum wage,  social  amalgamation,  eugenic  selection. 

3.  Human  Conservation.  Protection  of  child  and  woman,  prevention 
of    work   hazards,   elimination  of    overstrain,   promotion  of    industrial 
hygiene,  adequate  compensation  or  insurance,  and  pensions. 

4.  Equitable  Labor   Remuneration.     Cooperative  enterprises,  labor 
copartnership.     Complexities  of  accurate  measurements  and  just  rewards 
of  individual  differences. 

5.  Compulsory    Investigation  of  Industrial    Disputes.      Canadian 
experience.     American   efforts.     Tentative  bill  of  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Committee  of  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

6.  Co-operative  Efforts  in  Behalf  of  Industrial  Harmony.    American 
Association  for  lyabor   Legislation,  National  Civic  Federation,  Chamber 
of  Commerce  of  the  United  States. 

7.  Vocational    Guidance.      Functions  of,   in  promoting  social  and 
industrial  justice. 

8.  The  Right  Sort  of  Control.     Intelligent,  honest,  vigilant  indus- 
trial  leadership,    combined  with   non-partisan,  thorough,  patient,  and 
courageous  legislation. 


H— SUGGESTED   TOPICS     FOR   INVESTIGATION 

1.  Industrial  warfare:     (a)  recent  new  causes  of  industrial  conflict; 
(£)  new  counteracting,  harmonizing  forces. 

2.  The  cost  of  industrial  warfare :    (a)  to  employer,   (£)  to  laborer, 
(c)  to  the  public. 

3.  The  influence  of  industrial  concentration  upon  labor  :   (a)  the  rate 
of  wages;    (b)  the  amount  of   employment;    (c)   continuity  of   employ- 
ment; (d)  length  of  the  working  day  ;   (e]  opportunities  for  the  laborers 
to  exploit  their  varied  aptitudes. 

4.  The  nature  and  sources  of  capitalistic  power :    power  over  goods 
and  services,  over  the  press,  and  over  public  sentiment. 

5.  The   conservation   of    workers    in   the   continuous   employments : 

(a)  classification   of    the    continuous   industries ;    (b)   number  of  wage 
earners;   (c}  work  conditions;   (d)  the  right  to  wholesome,  constructive 
leisure. 

6.  The  decasualization   of   casual    (intermittent)    employments:    (a) 
classification   of  the   employments;     (d)    number  of   employees  —  men, 
women,  children  ;  (c)  how  regularize. 

7.  Labor  conditions  in  the  iron  and  steel  industry  :    (a)  living  wage  ; 

(b)  erratic  employments;   (c)  substitutions;    (d)  methods  of  remunera- 
tion ;   (e)  attitude  toward  trade  unions. 

8.  Occupational  diseases  :  (a)  classification  of  health-destroying  mate- 
rials ;  (b}  the  promotion  of  industrial  hygiene. 

9.  Scientific  methods  of  hiring  and  promoting  workmen.    How  far  are 
the  employing  classes  recruited  from  the  ranks  of  the  wage  earners? 

10.  Efficiency  schemes :    (a)  profit  and  stock  sharing — recent  exten- 
sions in  England  and  the  United  States;    (d)  scientific  management — 
successes  and  difficulties  in  (i)   private  establishments,  (it)  public  man- 
agement. 

11.  Recent  growth  of  associations  of  (a)  employers,  (b)  wage  earners. 
Extent'and  results  of  methods  of  collective  bargaining. 

12.  Industrial  peace  agencies  :     (a)  list  of  institutions,  societies,  asso- 
ciations engaged  in  industrial  peace  work  ;   (b)  publications  devoted  to 
the  same ;  (c)  critical  examination  of  the  character  and  value  of  each. 

13.  The  most  equitable  methods  of  wage  payments. 

14.  The   Erdmann  Act :     (a)  reasons  for  success  in  the  railway  in- 
dustry;  (d)  its  possible  extended  application  and  uses  to  other  than  the 
railway  industry. 

15.  Schemes  of  compulsory  investigation  :     (a)    Canadian  experience  ; 
(b)  Experience  of    American  commonwealths ;    (c)  proposed  bill  of  the 
Industrial  Relations  Committee  of  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce. 


16.  Thrift  agencies  in  industrial    establishments :  savings  and  loan 
associations,  mutual  benefit  societies,  old  age  annuities,  etc. 

17.  Advertising:  (a)  new  methods  ;  (£)  social  gain  and  loss. 

18.  Control  of  immigration  :    (a)  economic,  political,  and  social  diffi- 
culties;  (b)  proposed  measures  of  control. 

19.  Vocational  guidance:    (a)  private  experiments;    (b)  beginnings 
in  public  school  systems  ;  (c)  best  schemes  of  education  for  vocational 
purposes;  (d}  literature  of  vocational  direction. 

20.  Industrial  democracy  :    (a)  experiments  in  representative  govern- 
ment in  industry;  (b}  literature  of  industrial  copartnership. 

F— BIBLIOGRAPHY 

1.  Bibliographies.     Bibliography  on  Industrial  Hygiene.     American 
Labor  Legislation  Review,  June,  1912.     Bowker,  R.  R.  and  lies,  George, 
The  Reader's  Guide  in  Economic^  Social  and  Political  Science.    Business 
Book  Bureau,  What  to  Read  on  Business.     Teachers  in  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, A  Guide  to  Reading  in  Social  Ethics  and  Allied  Subjects.     Library 
of  Congress  (Division  of  Bibliography),  bibliographies  on  Labor  partic- 
ularly relating  to  Strikes,  Old  Age  and  Civil  Service  Pensions,  Boycotts 
and  Injunctions  in  Labor  Disputes,  Workingmeris  Insurance,  Employ- 
er's  Liability  and  Workmen's  Compensation,  Postal  Savings  Banks,  and 
Industrial.  Arbitration.     Social  Research  Council  of  Boston   (Bulletin 
No.  i).     Taylor,  F.  Isabel,  A  Bibliography  of  Unemployment. 

2.  General  References:     Adams,  Thomas  S.  and  Sumner,  Helen  L., 
Labor  Problems.     Anderson,  Benjamin  M.,  Social  Value.     Beveridge,  W. 
H.,  Unemployment,  a  Problem  of  Industry.     Bosanquet,  B.,  The  Princi- 
ple of  Individuality  and  Value.     Brandeis,  Louis  D.,  Scientific  Manage- 
ment and  Railroads.     Brooks,  John  G.,  An  American  Citizen,  Life   of 
William  Henry  Baldwin,  Jr.,  The  Social  Unrest.     Biicher,  Carl,  Indus- 
trial Evolution  (translated  by  Wickett.)     Carlton,  Frank  T.,  The  History 
and  Problems  of  Organized  Labor.     Carver,  Thomas  N.,  Sociology  and 
Social  Progress.     Chamberlain,   Arthur    H.,   Standards  in  Education. 
City  Club  of  Chicago,  Vocational  Training  in  Chicago  and  Other  Cities. 
Clark,  John  B.,  The  Essentials  of  Economic  Theory.     Clopper,  Edward 
N.,  Child  Labor  in  City  Streets.     Cooley,  Charles  H.,  Social  Organiza- 
tion.    Cunningham,  W.,  Christianity  and  Social  Questions.     Davenport, 
Charles  B.,  Heredity  in   Relation  to  Eugenics.     Davidson,  John,    The 
Bargain   Theory  of  Wages.     Dealey,  James,  Sociology.     Dean,  Arthur, 
The  Worker  and  the  State.     Devine,  Edward  T.,  Report  on  the  Desira- 
bility of  Establishing  an  Employment  Bureau  in  the  City  of  New  York. 
Emerson,   Harrington,    The    Twelve  Principles  of  Efficiency.      Evans, 
Holden  A.,  Cost  Keeping  and  Scientific  Management.     Fairchild,  Henry 
P.,  The  Restriction  of  Immigration   (The  American  Economic  Review, 
Supplement,  March,  1912).     Farnum,  Henry  W.,  Labor  Legislation  and 

10 


Economic  Progress,  (American  Association  for  Labor  Legislation,  Pub- 
lication No.  9).  Fetter,  Frank  A.,  The  Principles  of  Economics.  Fisher, 
Irving,  Report  on  National  Vitality,  Its  Wastes  and  Conservation.  Fos- 
ter, W.  T.,  The  Administration  of  College  Curriculum.  Gantt,  H., 
Work,  Wages,  and  Profits  :  Their  Influence  on  the  Cost  of  Living.  Gid- 
dings,  Franklin  H.,  Readings  in  Descriptive  and  Historical  Sociology. 
Gilbreth,  Frank  B.,  Motion  Study ;  The  Primer  of  Scientific  Manage- 
ment. Gilman,  Nicholas  P.,  Methods  of  Industrial  Peace  ;  Profit  Sharing 
Between  Employer  and  Employee.  Goldmark,  Josephine,  Fatigue  and 
Efficiency.  Going,  Charles  B.,  Principles  of  Industrial  Engineering. 
Hadley,  Arthur  T.,  Freedom  and  Responsibility;  Standards  of  Public 
Morality.  Hobson,  John  A.,  The  Evolution  of  Modern  Capitalism  ; 
The  Industrial  System.  Industrial  Copartnership  in  British  Isles 
(Daily  Consular  aud  Trade  Reports,  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Manufac- 
tures, Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  August  26,  1912).  Jenks, 
Jeremiah  W.,  Governmental  Action  for  Social  Welfare.  Jenks,  Jeremiah 
W.  and  Lauck,  W.  J.,  The  Immigration  Problem.  Knoop,  Douglas,  In- 
dustrial ^Conciliation  and  Arbitration.  McCarthy,  Charles,  The 
Wisconsin  Idea.  Mackaye,  James,  The  Economy  of  Happiness.  Mar- 
shall, Alfred,  Principles  of  Economics.  Miinsterberg,  Hugo,  American 
Problems.  Morals  in  Modern  Business  (Lectures  delivered  in  1908, 
Sheffield  Scientific  School).  Nearing,  Scott,  Social  Adjustment.  Oliver, 
Thomas,  Dangerous  Trades;  Diseases  of  Occupation.  Overlock,  M.  G., 
The  Working  People  :  Their  Health  and  How  to  Protect  It.  Parsons, 
Frank,  Choosing  a  Vocation.  Patten,  Simon  N.,  The  Development  of 
English  Thought  ;  The  New  Basis  of  Civilization.  Pigou,  A.  C.,  Prin- 
ciples and  Methods  of  Industrial  Peace.  Price,  L.  L.,  F.  R.,  Industrial 
Peace.  Richards,  L.  S.,  Vocophy  :  the  New  Profession  of  Naming  Voca- 
tions. Roberts,  Peter,  The  New  Immigration.  Rowntree  and  Lasker, 
Unemployment,  a  Social  Study.  Royce,  Josiah,  The  Philosophy  of  Loy- 
alty. Schloss,  David  F.,  Insurance  against  Unemployment ;  Methods  of 
Industrial  Remuneration.  Scott,  Walter  Dill,  Increasing  Human 
Efficiency  in  Business.  Seager,  Henry  R.,  Social  Insurance.  Seath, 
John,  Education  for  Industrial  Purposes.  Shad  well,  Arthur,  Industrial 
Efficiency.  Small,  Albion  W.,  General  Sociology.  Snedden,  David,  The 
Problem  of  Vocational  Education.  Strayer,  George  D.,  Age  and  Grade 
Census  of  Schools  and  Colleges,  a  Study  of  Retardation  and  Elimina- 
tion, (Bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education,  1911,  No.  5).  Taussig, 
F.  W.,  Principles  of  Economics.  Taylor,  Frederick  W.,  The  Principles 
of  Scientific  Management ;  Shop  Management.  Thorndike,  Edward  L., 
Individuality.  Thwing,  Charles  F.,  College  Training  and  the  Business 
Man.  Tolman,  W.  H.,  Social  Engineering.  Tuck  School  Conference, 
Scientific  Management.  Tucker,  William  J.,  Personal  Power.  Van  Hisc, 
Charles  R.,  The  Conservation  of  Natural  Resources  in  the  United  States. 


Veblen,  Thorstein,  The  Theory  of  Business  Enterprise.  Ward,  Lester 
F.,  Applied  Sociology.  Webb,  Sydney  and  Beatrice,  Industrial  Democ- 
racy. Weyl,  Walter  EM  The  New  Democracy.  Wicksteed,  Philip  H., 
The  Common  Sense  of  Political  Economy.  Wyman,  Bruce,  Control  of 
the  Market. 

3     DOCUMENTS,  SOURCES,  AND  PERIODICALS 

Documents  :  Hearings  before  the  Special  Committee  to  Investigate 
the  Taylor  and  Other  Systems  of  Shop  Management.  Report  on  Condi- 
tions of  Employment  in  Iron  and  Steel  Industry  in  the  United  States. 
Report  on  Condition  of  Woman  and  Child  Wage-Earners  in  the  United 
States.  Reports  of  the  Immigration  Commission.  Report  of  Massachu- 
setts Minimum  Wage  Commission.  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission 
(England]  On  the  Poor  Laws  and  Relief  of  Distress.  Strike  at  Law- 
rence, Mass.  (Hearings  before  the  Committee  on  Rules  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  on  House  Resolutions  409  and  433}. 

Sources:  American  Association  for  Labor  Legislation.  The  Carnegie 
Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teaching.  The  National  Civic  Fed- 
eration (Proceedings  of  Twelfth  Annual  Meeting}.  National  Conference 
of  Charities  and  Correction.  National  Education  Association  (Addresses 
and  Proceedings}.  National  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial 
Education.  Russell  Sage  Foundation.  State  Boards  of  Conciliation 
and  Arbitration.  State  Bureaus  of  Statistics  of  Labor.  United  States 
Bureau  of  Education.  United  States  Commissioner  of  Labor  (Bulletins 
and  Reports).  Fourth  Annual  Report:  Working  Women  in  Large 
Cities.  Sixteenth  Annual  Report :  Strikes  and  Lockouts.  Twenty-fourth 
Annual  Report :  Workmen's  Insurance  and  Compensation  Systems  in 
Europe.  (2  vols.).  Twenty-fifth  Annual  Report:  Industrial  Education. 
Bulletins  No.  49,  Labor  Conditions  in  New  Zealand ;  No.  56,  Labor 
Conditions  in  Australia  ;  No.  60,  Government  Industrial  Arbitration  ; 
No.  75,  Industrial  Hygiene :  No.  76,  The  Canadian  Industrial  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  of  1907 ;  No.  86,  Canadian  Industrial  Disputes  Inves- 
tigation Act  of  1907;  No.  95,  Industrial  Lead  Poisoning  in  Great  Brit- 
ain, White  Lead  Industry  in  the  United  States,  Deaths  from  Industrial 
Lead  Poisoning  in  New  York  State  ;  No.  98,  Mediation  and  Arbitration 
of  Railway  Disputes  in  United  States,  Canadian  Industrial  Disputes 
Act  of  1907,  Conciliation  and  Arbitration  in  Great  Britain,  Conciliation, 
etc.,  in  Cloak  Industry  in  New  York  City,  Industrial  Courts  in  France, 
Germany,  and  Switzerland.  United  States  Industrial  Commission, 
vol.  xvii. 

Periodicals  :  The  American  Economic  Review.  The  American  Jour- 
nal of  Sociology.  Annals  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and 
Social  Science.  The  Engineering  Magazine.  Human  Engineering. 
Industrial  Engineering.  The  Survey. 


12 


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